How to Prime a Well Pump (Without the Headache)

If your well suddenly stops delivering water or your faucets sputter with air, your jet pump may have lost its prime. Knowing how to prime a well pump can save you time, stress, and a costly service call.

You might be wondering, “so, what does priming a pump even mean?” It’s the process of refilling the jet pump with clean water so it can create enough suction to pull water up from your well. Most pumps simply can’t function if they’re full of air. If they run dry, they won’t just turn off—they can overheat and burn out.

Thankfully, priming your pump isn’t as complicated as it sounds. Here’s how to do it safely and simply.

Step-by-Step: How to Prime a Well Pump

1. Turn Off the Power

Head to your circuit breaker and switch off the jet pump. This protects both you and your pump from electrical accidents.

2. Inspect for Leaks or Damage

Take a few minutes to inspect your setup.

• Find your jet pump: It’ll be above ground—likely in your basement, utility room, or a small pump house.
  
• Look over the pump housing (the outer shell) for cracks, rust, or signs of wear.
  
• Check all pipes, fittings, and joints for leaks, mineral buildup, or loose connections.
  
• Inspect visible wiring to make sure nothing is frayed or exposed.
  

If anything looks damaged, air can get into the system and prevent the pump from holding prime. Fixing small issues now can save you a lot of frustration later.

3. Locate and Remove the Priming Plug

Look for a small plug on the top of the pump. This is where you’ll pour in the water. Unscrew it carefully—sometimes pressure builds up behind it.

4. Add Clean Water

Grab a clean bucket or use a hose and slowly pour water into the pump until it’s completely full (you might see a bit spill over—that’s good). This helps push air out and fills the system with what it needs to create suction.

5. Check for Leaks (Optional but Smart)

If you want to be extra thorough, let the water sit for about 10 minutes. If it drains out on its own, you might have a leak or a bad check valve that’s letting air back in. In that case, inspect your system for loose fittings or call a professional to diagnose and replace the faulty part.

6. Seal It Up and Turn Power Back On

Put the plug back in tightly, then turn the power back on at the breaker. You should hear the pump kick on. Open a nearby faucet and wait for a steady stream of water. The pump should shut off automatically once pressure builds up.

7. Still Having Issues?

Don’t panic! Sometimes you need to go through the steps a second (or even third) time to get all the air out. Just repeat the process until the water flows properly.

Why Priming Your Pump is Important

When your pump runs dry—that is, without water—it can’t cool itself. This “dry running” creates heat and friction, which can quickly damage the motor beyond repair. That’s why priming is so important: it fills the pump with water, allowing it to do its job without self-destructing. If your system’s been off or acting up, knowing how to prime a well pump could save you from major repairs.

Read our blog: How Do Well Pumps Work to better understand your system. 

How to Prime a Pump for Well Water and Other FAQs

Still Confused About How to Prime a Well Pump?

Tried priming your well pump but still no water? The fix might require more than a bucket and hose. There could be a deeper problem. According to our expert well pump technician, Rob, jet pump issues can be very difficult to diagnose.

If you live in the Baltimore, MD area, reach out to the experts at Heil Plumbing.  We help Maryland homeowners troubleshoot well pumps of all types. Whether it’s a full inspection, a repair, or a full replacement, our team offers expert Baltimore area well pump services. If you’d prefer to skip the DIY, Heil Plumbing is here to help!