How to Replace a Well Pump: A Simplified Guide for Homeowners

No water, weak water pressure, or strange pump noises? If your well system’s acting up, it might be time for a lesson on how to replace a well pump. While the process might sound overwhelming, understanding the basics will help you decide if it’s something you can handle or if it’s better to call a pro.

But before you break out the tools or schedule a service call, it’s important to know which type of well pump you have. Submersible, jet, and centrifugal pumps each have different installation setups—and your next steps will depend on which one’s in your well.

How To Replace a Well Pump Depends on Which Type You Have

Not all well pumps are created equal — and the way you replace yours depends on how it’s set up. We recommend reading our blog How Do Well Pumps Work as a starting point. Then identify which one you have:

• Centrifugal Pumps sit above ground, and replacing them is often a manageable DIY project if you’re comfortable with basic home repairs.
• Jet Pumps are installed above ground and relatively easy to replace with basic tools and plumbing knowledge.
• Submersible Pumps are located deep in the well. Replacing one usually requires specialized equipment (and a strong back or a pro).

Centrifugal and jet pumps are relatively simple to remove and replace with the right tools and some DIY experience. If you have a deep well with a submersible pump, however, you’re looking at heavy lifting, specialized equipment, and tight spaces. Electrical mishaps or dropping the pump can lead to serious damage. Our expert well pump technician, Rob, recommends that if you’re unsure, calling a pro is the safer bet—and often cheaper than fixing a mistake. 

Once you’ve confirmed your pump type and weighed the risks of doing it yourself, you’re ready for the next phase. Here’s what it takes to replace a well pump correctly.

Steps to Replacing a Well Pump

1. Turn Off Power

Before you do anything, head to your home’s circuit breaker and shut off the power to your well pump system. This is essential for your safety. Once it’s off, use a voltage tester near the pump wiring to double-check that there’s no live electricity running through the system.

2. Relieve Pressure & Drain the System

Before you disconnect anything, it’s important to let the system relax. Turn on a faucet and let the water run until it stops to release built-up pressure. Then, drain the pressure tank if needed. This step keeps water from gushing out unexpectedly and takes tension off your pipes, valves, and fittings, making them easier (and safer) to work on.

3. Access the Pump

How you do this depends on the pump type:

• Jet and Centrifugal Pumps: These sit above ground. You’ll disconnect the water pipes and power lines directly from the pump itself.
• Submersible Pumps: These are installed deep inside the well casing. Start by removing the well cap. Then, using a pitless adapter wrench, carefully pull the pump, attached piping, and wiring up from the well. Important: These units are heavy and awkward to handle. Dropping the pump or damaging the wiring can lead to expensive repairs—so unless you’re confident and have help, it’s safer to call a professional.

4. Carefully Check All Components

With your old pump out of the way, lay out everything that was connected to it—pipes, connectors, the check valve, and any external parts. Even though you’re installing a brand-new pump, other components in the system may need attention.

Focus your inspection on parts that won’t be replaced with the pump:

• Check Valve – Often located just above the pump or at the surface, this one-way valve prevents water from draining back into the well. If it’s old, rusted, or stuck, it should be replaced separately.
  
• Drop Pipe – The long pipe that carries water from the pump to your home. Check for cracks, warping, or buildup—especially if it’s flexible poly pipe. Ensure that it is properly sized. Replace if needed.
  
• Clamps and Connectors – These keep the pipe and wires securely fastened. Reuse only if they’re in excellent shape; otherwise, swap them out.
  
• Pressure Switch and Tank – These are external to the pump but play a key role in how the system runs. Make sure the switch clicks on/off properly and that the tank is maintaining pressure. According to Rob, your tank pressure should be 2 psi below your cut-in pressure. That’s the pressure at which the pump turns on.

A new pump won’t fix old or failing support parts—so this is your best opportunity to replace anything that could lead to trouble down the line. Think of it as a full system refresh, not just a pump swap.

5. Hook Up the New Pump

• If You Have a Jet or Centrifugal Pump: Position the pump where it won’t wobble or shift. Reattach your plumbing lines and connect the electrical wires. Double-check everything is tight and properly sealed before moving on.
• If You Have a Submersible Pump: Wire and pipe connections come first—just match them to your old setup. Slowly lower the pump into the well, keeping it centered so it doesn’t hit the walls. Once it’s down, lock it back into place with the pitless adapter.

6. Turn the Power Back On and Give It a Test Run

Go to your breaker box and flip the switch to turn the pump’s power back on. If you have a jet pump, you’ll need to fill it with water first—this is called “priming,” and it helps the pump start pulling water.

Next, turn on a few faucets in the house. Let them run for a minute or two to push out any air stuck in the pipes. Listen for anything unusual and watch the water pressure. If everything’s flowing smoothly and the pump turns on and off normally, nice work! You’ve replaced your pump.

Safety First: What Every Homeowner Should Know Before Replacing a Well Pump

• Always shut off the power at the breaker before touching any electrical wires.
  
• Wear safety gear like gloves and goggles to protect yourself from sharp parts and debris.
  
• Keep children and pets far away from your work zone to avoid accidents.
  
• Don’t go it alone if your pump is deep (100+ feet) or heavy—ask for help or call a professional.

How Long Does It Take To Replace a Well Pump and Other FAQs

Final Takeaways

Replacing a well pump can feel like a big job—but understanding the process helps you make informed choices about whether to DIY or call in the pros. From identifying your pump type to safely installing a new one, each step plays a critical role in keeping your water system running smoothly.

If you live in the D.C. area and want peace of mind with your well pump replacement in Montgomery County, Heil Plumbing is here to help. Our licensed plumbers know Maryland wells inside and out and can handle everything from diagnosis to installation with skill and care. We’d be honored to serve you.